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In brief
Section actions
Duration: Preparation of application — 1 at 4 weeks; full procedure — 6 at 24 months until decision
Cost: Free referral; lawyer — legal aid (depending on income)
Possible online

Who this guide is for

Section actions
  • You if the employer does not pay, dismiss or breach the contract
  • You if amicable attempts (warning, inspection) have failed
  • You if you hesitate to initiate proceedings in your situation

To be prepared in advance

Section actions
  • All documents: contract, payroll, correspondence, inspection decisions
  • Quantification of claims (amounts, allowances)
  • The history of amicable attempts (warning, conciliation)

Step-by-step procedure

Section actions
  1. 1Before the court, try other ways: formal notice to the employer, complaint to the labour inspectorate, conciliation (via inspection or union). Often it resolves without trial.
  2. 2Check the prescription: most wage claims — 2 years (reform 2018); for certain facts (harassment, discrimination) — up to 3 or 5 years. Tarder loses the right.
  3. 3Enter the Pruds' Council from your place of work. Forms on service-public.fr. Filing online, in writing or through a lawyer. Indicate facts, requests, encryption.
  4. 4First hearing — conciliation board: attempt at amicable agreement. In case of agreement — binding decision. Otherwise, referral to the trial office.
  5. 5Bench: hearing with hearing of the parties. You can defend yourself alone or via a lawyer/union. Decision rendered after weeks to months.
  6. 6Legal aid: If your income is below the ceiling, the state takes care of the lawyer. Demande sur service-public.fr.
  7. 7After decision: possible appeal to the Court of Appeal within one month. The decision is enforceable after the order has been issued (via Commissioner of Justice for Recovery).

Common mistakes

Section actions
  • Go directly to court without notice or conciliation — the judge may judge the dispute prematurely.
  • Pass the prescription (2 years for most) — the right is lost.
  • Entering applications without encryption — the decision will be less.
  • Do not mobilise legal aid — pay full-fare lawyer without need.
  • Ignoring the conciliation office: an amicable agreement is often more advantageous.

Official sources

Section actions
Show sources in this section

Useful links

Section actions

Important remark

Labour disputes are complex and factual. This information is indicative — for your case, consult a union, France Travail or a labour lawyer.

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